译注：鉴于各类资料及网络文献上《琉球与大东群岛协定》的翻译版本存在表述歧义与争议，罗欢欣在此翻译的英译中版本，仅供参考。《琉球与大东群岛协定》属于双边条约，该协定在美国和日本方面常简称为“冲绳返还协定”（Okinawa Reversion Treaty/Agreement），并不断地以此简称对外传播。实际上，尽管美日领导人在对外说明中极力渲染和刻意引导用“reversion" （中译为“回归”或“复归”）这一词汇，但条约正文的实际内容并不涉及对琉球主权的处理，美日私自协商的仅是《旧金山和约》第三条项下的“施政权”放弃和让与日本的问题。“施政权”也称为“管理权”，是立法、行政和司法权的统称，并不等同于“主权”。条约标题的全称是“日本和美利坚合众国关于琉球群岛与大东群岛的协定”（AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING THE RYUKYU ISLANDS AND THE DAITO ISLANDS）。本文翻译简称为《琉球与大东群岛协定》。

日本和美利坚合众国关于琉球群岛与大东群岛的协定

（1971年6月17日在东京和华盛顿签署；作准文本：英语和日语。为方便阅读，正文的“美利坚合众国”简写为“美国”）

翻译：罗欢欣，中国社会科学院国际法学研究所副研究员，法学博士。

日本和美国留意到，

日本总理大臣和美国总统曾于一九六九年十一月十九日、二十日、二十一日就琉球群岛和大东群岛（即同年十一月二十一日发表的总理大臣和总统的联合声明中所说的“冲绳”）的地位进行商讨，以及关于为让这些岛屿早日“回归”日本而达成具体协定的问题，同意日本政府和美国政府直接进行协商；注意到两国政府经过协商已再次确认要在上述联合声明的基础上让这些岛屿“回归”日本；考虑到美国的要求，关于琉球群岛和大东群岛，愿意将一九五一年九月八日在旧金山市签署的《旧金山和约》第三条项下的一切权利和利益放弃给日本，据此该条款项下规定的所有领土上的权利和利益均已放弃；同时，进一步考虑到日本愿意承担全部的权力和责任，对琉球诸岛和大东诸岛的领土及居民行使行政、立法和司法方面的一切权力。

因此，双方达成如下协定：

第一条

（一）关于以下第二段所定义的琉球群岛和大东群岛，美国将一九五一年九月八日在旧金山市签署的《对日和约》第三条项下的一切权利和利益放弃给日本。日本，自本协定生效之日起承担全部的权力和责任，对这些群岛上的领土和居民行使行政、立法和司法方面的任何及一切权力。

（二）基于本协定的目的，“琉球群岛和大东群岛”具体指，美国在《对日和约》第三条项下行使行政、立法和司法方面的任何及一切权力所涉及的所有领土与领水，不包括美国和日本分别于一九五三年十二月二十四日和一九六八年四月五日签署的关于奄美诸岛的协定和关于南方岛屿及其他岛屿的协定中已归还日本的那些权力所涉及的部分。

第二条

双方确认，此前日本和美国之间缔结的条约及其他协定（包括但不限于，一九六零年一月十九日在华盛顿签署的《美日安保条约》及相关协定，一九五三年四月二日在东京签署的《美日友好通商航海条约》），自本协定生效之日起，适用于琉球群岛和大东群岛。

第三条

（一）自本协定生效之日起，日本将授权美国，根据一九六零年一月十九日在华盛顿签署的《美日安保条约》及相关协定使用在琉球群岛和大东群岛上的区域和设施。

（二）关于本条第一段规定的授权美国自本协定生效之日起使用的区域和设施，适用一九六零年一月十九日签署的《美日安保条约》第六条项下的《有关区域、设施和驻日美军地位的协定》之第四条，该第四条第一段所称“提供给美国军队时的可用状态”应理解为该区域和设施首次交付美国军队使用时的状态，而同条第二段所用的术语“改良”包括那些在本协定生效之前进行过的改良。

第四条

（一）日本放弃其国家和国民，向美国及其国民以及向琉球和大东群岛当局，基于美国在本协议生效前在这些群岛上的军事存在、运行及实施军事与权力行动而产生的，或者来自于美国的军事存在、运行及军事与权力行动已向这些群岛施加的任何影响，的一切求偿权。

（二）上述第一段所规定的求偿权放弃，并不包括美国施政琉球群岛和大东群岛期间，根据美国法律或适用这些群岛的地方法律所专门认可的日本国民的赔偿要求。为了在本协定生效时及以后处理并解决这些索赔诉求，美国政府根据同日本政府达成的协议和程序要求，在琉球群岛和大东群岛适当地保留职员并授以处理权限。

（三）对于一九五零年七月一日前因美国当局征用，并于一九六一年六月三十日后到本协定生效前解除使用的，其土地在琉球群岛和大东群岛上遭受损失的日本国民，美国政府将给予恢复土地原状的特惠补偿。这一补偿将与一九六七年高级专员发布的第六十号命令针对一九五零年七月一日前所受损失而于一九六一年七月一日前解除使用的土地所支付的款项保持一致。

（四）日本认可美国在琉球群岛和大东群岛施政期间的一切作为或不作为行为的有效性，认可在此期间美国或地方当局的指令、结果或当时法律的授权；日本承诺不基于这些作为或不作为行为而对美国国民和这些群岛居民追究民事或刑事责任。

第五条

（一）日本认可并将完全地继续执行，本协定生效前琉球群岛和大东群岛上的任何法院所作的民事终审判决的有效性，只要这种认可和继续执行不违反公共政策。

（二）日本不在任何意义上损害诉讼当事人的实际权利和地位，本协定生效之日起将承担琉球群岛和大东群岛上法院受理的任何民事案件的管辖、继续判决和执行权。

（三）日本决不在任何意义上损害被告或嫌疑人的实际权利和地位，本协定生效之日起将承担琉球群岛和大东群岛上的任何刑事案件的管辖权，包括程序的开始和继续、在本协定生效之日前开始抓捕，或已抓捕即将追诉的案件，使诉讼或程序继续进行。

（四）日本可以继续执行由琉球群岛和大东群岛上任何法院作出的刑事终审判决。

第六条

（一）自本协定生效之日起，琉球电力公司、琉球自来水公司、琉球开发金融公司的财产将移交给日本政府。日本政府即日起按其本国法律和规定承担上述公司的权利和义务。

（二）本协定第三条规定的区域和设施之外的，存在于琉球群岛和大东群岛上的美国政府的所有其他财产，将自本协定生效之日起全部移交给日本政府。但是，自本协定生效前已归还给原土地拥有者的土地上的财产和经日本政府同意后由美国政府保留的财产，不受此限。

（三）美国政府在琉球群岛和大东群岛围垦的土地和其在这些群岛拥有的其他围垦地，至本协定生效之日起即成为日本政府的财产。

（四）美国向日本政府移交本条第一段和第二段所述财产，因本合同生效前而产生的任何变化，美国对日本和日本国民不负有补偿的义务。

第七条

考虑到,尤其是，美国的财产将根据本协定第六条的规定移交给日本政府，美国将以一种不违背日本政府政策的方式，履行其在一九六九年十一月二十一日联合声明第八段下的让琉球群岛和大东群岛返还日本的承诺，还考虑到美国政府将承担回归以后的区域雇用等额外费用，日本政府将自本协定生效之日起的五年内，向美国政府支付总额三亿两千万美元。其中，日本政府在本协定生效后的一星期内先支付一亿美元，余额在本协定生效后均分为四次在每年六月间等额支付。

第八条

日本政府同意自协定生效后的五年内美国政府根据两国的商议继续在冲绳岛经营美国之音电台的转播。两国政府应在本协定生效两年后就美国之音电台在冲绳岛的未来经营问题达成协议。

第九条

本协定须经批准并在东京互换批准书。本协定在互换批准书之日起两个月后生效。

兹此证明，下列签字者均得到本国政府的合法授权并在本协定上签字。

本协定于一九七一年六月十七日在华盛顿和东京签订，英文和日文内容一致并具有同等效力。

日本国代表                爱知揆一

美利坚合众国代表      威廉·皮尔斯·罗杰斯

AGREEMENT' BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING THE RYUKYU ISLANDS AND THE DAITO ISLANDS

Japan and the United States of America,

Noting that the Prime Minister of Japan and the President of the United States of America reviewed together on November 19, 20 and 21, 1969 the status of the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands, referred to as “ Okinawa ” in the Joint Communique between the Prime Minister and the President issued on November 21, 1969, and agreed that the Government of Japan and the Govern- ment of the United States of America should enter immediately into consulta- tions regarding the specific arrangements for accomplishing the early reversion of these islands to Japan;

Noting that the two Governments have conducted such consultations and have reaffirmed that the reversion of these islands to Japan be carried out on the basis of the said Joint Communiqué;

Considering that the United States of America desires, with respect to the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands, to relinquish in favor of Japan all rights and interests under article 3 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at the city of San Francisco on September 8, 1951,' and thereby to have relinquished all its rights and interests in all territories under the said article; and

Considering further that Japan is willing to assume full responsibility and authority for the exercise of all powers of administration, legislation and jurisdiction over the territory and inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands and the  Daito Islands;

Therefore, have agreed as follows :

Article I

1.With respect to the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands, as defined in paragraph 2 below, the United States of America relinquishes in favor of Japan all rights and interests under article 3 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at the city of San Francisco on September 8, 1951, effective as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Japan, as of such date, assumes full responsibility and authority for the exercise of all and any powers of administra- tion, legislation and jurisdiction over the territory and inhabitants of the said islands.

2.For the purpose of this Agreement, the term “ the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands " means all the territories and their territorial waters with respect to which the right to exercise all and any powers of administration, legislation and jurisdiction was accorded to the United States of America under article 3 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan other than those with respect to which such right has already been returned to Japan in accordance with the Agreement concerning the Amami Islands and the Agreement concerning Nanpo Shoto and other islands signed between Japan and the United States of America, respectively on December 24, 1953' and April 5, 1968.°

Article II

It is confirmed that treaties, conventions and other agreements concluded between Japan and the United States of America, including but without limitation, the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America signed at Washington on January 19, 1960* and its related arrangements and the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Naviga- tion between Japan and the United States of America signed at Tokyo on April 2, 1953,a become applicable to the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Article III

1.Japan will grant the United States of America on the date of entry into force of this Agreement the use of facilities and areas in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands in accordance with the Treaty of Mutual Co-operation and Security between Japan and the United States of America signed at Washington on January 19, 1960 and its related arrangements.

2.In the application of article IV of the Agreement under article VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America, regarding facilities and areas and the status of United States armed forces in Japan signed on January 19, 1960,i3 to the facilities and areas the use of which will be granted in accordance with paragraph 1 above to the United States of America on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, it is understood that the phrase “ the condition in which they were at the time they became available to the United States armed forces ” in paragraph 1 of the said article IV refers to the condition in which the facilities and areas first came into the use of the United States armed forces, and that the term “ improvements ” in paragraph 2 of the said article includes those made prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

Article IV

1.Japan waives all claims of Japan and its nationals against the United States of America and its nationals and against the local authorities of the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands, arising from the presence, operations  or actions of forces or authorities of the United States of America in these islands, or from the presence, operations or actions of forces or authorities of the United States of America having had any effect upon these islands, prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

2.The waiver in paragraph 1 above does not, however, include claims of Japanese nationals specifically recognized in the laws of  the  United  States of America or the local laws of these islands applicable during the period of United States administration of these islands. The Government of the United States of America is authorized to maintain its duly empowered o&cials in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands in order to deal with and settle such claims on and after the date of entry into force of this Agreement in accordance with the procedures to be established in consultation with the Government of Japan.

3.The Government of the United States of America will make ex gratia contributions for restoration of lands to the nationals of Japan whose lands in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands were damaged prior to July 1, 1950, while placed under the use of United States authorities, and were released from their use after June 30, 1961 and before the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Such contributions will be made in an equitable manner in relation to the payments made under High Commissioner Ordinance Number 60 of 1967 to claims for damages done prior to July 1, 1950 to the lands released prior to July 1, 1961.

4.Japan recognizes the validity of all acts and omissions done during the period of United States administration of the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands under or in consequence of directives of the United States or local authorities, or authorized by existing law during that period, and will take no action subjecting United States nationals or the residents of these islands to civil or criminal liability arising out of such acts or omissions.

Article V

1.Japan recognizes the validity of, and will continue in full force and effect, hnal judgments in civil cases rendered by any court in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement,provided that such recognition or continuation would not be contrary to public policy.

2.Without in any way adversely affecting the substantive rights and positions of the litigants concerned, Japan will assume jurisdiction over and continue to judgment and execution any civil cases pending as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement in any court in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands.

3.Without in any way adversely affecting the substantive rights of the accused or suspect concerned, Japan will assume jurisdiction over, and may continue or institute proceedings with respect to, any criminal cases with which any court in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands is seized as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement or would have been seized had the proceed- ings been instituted prior to such date.

4.Japan may continue the execution of any final judgments rendered in criminal cases by any court in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands.

Article VI

1.The properties of the Ryukyu Electric Power Corporation, the Ryukyu Domestic Water Corporation, and the Ryukyu Development Loan Corporation shall be transferred to the Government of Japan on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and the rights and obligations of the said Corporations shall be assumed by the Government of Japan on that date in conformity with the laws and regulations of Japan.

2.All other properties of the Government of the United States of America, existing in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement and located outside the facilities and areas provided on that date in accordance with article III of this Agreement, shall be transferred to the Government of Japan on that date, except for those that are located on the lands returned to the landowners concerned before the date of entry into force of this Agreement and for those the title to which will be retained by the Government of the United States of America after that date with the consent of the Government of Japan.

3.Such lands in the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands reclaimed by the Government of the United States of America and such other reclaimed lands acquired by it in these islands as are held by the Government of the United States of America as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement become the property of the Government of Japan on that date.

4.The United States of America is not obliged to compensate Japan or its nationals for any alteration made prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement to the lands upon which the properties transferred to the Government of Japan under paragraphs 1 and 2 above are located.

Article V’II

Considering, inter alia, that United States assets are being transferred to the Government of Japan under article VI of this Agreement, that the Govern- ment of the United States of America is carrying out the return of the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands to Japan in a manner consistent with the policy of the Government of Japan as specified in paragraph 8 of the Joint Communi- qué of November 21, 1969, and that the Government of the United States of America will bear extra costs, particularly in the area of employment after reversion, the Government of Japan will pay to the Government of the United States of America in United States dollars a total amount of three hundred and twenty million United States dollars (U.S. $320,?D,?D) over a period of five years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Of the said amount, the Government of Japan will pay one hundred million United States dollars (U.S. $100,?D,?D) within one week after the date of entry into force of this Agreement and the remainder in four equal annual installments in June of each calendar year subsequent to the year in which this Agreement enters into force.

Article V’III

The Government of Japan consents to the continued operation by the Government of the United States of America of the Voice of America relay station on Okinawa Islands for a period of five years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement in accordance with the arrangements to be concluded between the two Governments. The two Governments shall enter into consulta- tion two years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement on future operation of the Voice of America on Okinawa Island.

Article IX

This Agreement shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Tokyo. This Agreement shall enter into force two months after the date of exchange of the instruments of ratification.

WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

Dorn at Tokyo and Washington, this seventeenth day of June, 1971, in duplicate in the Japanese and English languages, both equally authentic.

For Japan :  KIICHI ICHI

For the United States of America :   Word P.Rocses