变法、法治与国家能力本文为作者所主持的司法部课题：《中国特色社会主义法理学的构建：历史、方法与资源》（09SFB2009）的成果之一，并受到中国博士后科学基金的资助（20090460138），特致谢忱。
--对中国近代法制变革的再思考
支振锋
内容提要：在清末以来的中国社会变革中，法治不是主导性话语，革命、战争与经济建设而非法制才是近当代史的主题。这启发我们认识近代以来中国法制变革的一个新角度：其最初的使命并非为了"以法治国"，而是"以法强国"。因为在民族危亡之际，中华民族首要与最为急迫的任务乃是增强国家能力以抗外侮，平内乱，应对危机。清末的法制变革之所以失败，就在于它未能成功地增强国家能力并应对这两个挑战。结合政治学、史学与法学的分析可以发现，法治乃是常规社会的稳定器，它在大变革的社会中并不能增强国家能力以对外驱逐侵略，对内重构秩序。法治之要旨固然在于限制国家权力的专横，但在所谓后发国家，法治的建成却端赖于强大的国家能力。而国家能力就是理解近代以来中国法制变革的一个有解释力的理论框架。
关键词：以法治国 以法强国 法制变革 国家能力
支振锋，中国社会科学院法学研究所助理研究员。
［Abstract］Legal system has never been a mainstreaming discourse during the social transformation in China since the late Qing Dynasty, instead, discourse involving revolution, war and economic development has simply been the theme in modern and contemporary histories. This phenomenon has inspired us to understand a new perspective in terms of reform of Chinese legal system since modern times, namely, the original task of the reform was by no means aiming at "governing the country by law", but at "strengthening the country by law". The reason lies in the fact that at the critical moment when the nation's very existence was at stake, the primary and the most pressing task of Chinese nation was to strengthen the state's capacity to resist against foreign invasion, put down domestic rebellion and cope with crisis. It is proper to conclude that the failure of the legal reform carried out in the late Qing Dynasty was mainly the result of unsuccessful efforts to strengthen the state's capacity and to tackle the abovementioned two challenges. Taking political, historical and legal analyses in a synthetic way, we may find rule of law has always served as a stabilizer for conventional society and it can not strengthen a state's capacity to drive out invaders externally and reconstruct order internally. No doubt the gist of rule of law is to restrict abuse of state power, but in those socalled developing countries, the building up of rule of law relies heavily on a strong capacity of state. The capacity of a state, therefore, comes to be a theoretical framework, arguably with much strength of explanation, in understanding Chinese legal reform since the modern era.
（责任编辑：黄列）
工伤保险体系中的"诉讼禁止条款"研究
工伤保险体系中的"诉讼禁止条款"研究在本文写作过程中，笔者曾与加拿大职业健康安全法律首席科学家、渥太华大学法学院教授Lippel女士进行沟通交流，获益良多，特此致谢。
李满奎
内容提要："诉讼禁止条款"与工伤保险体系的"强制性"相互依存、不可偏废。"诉讼禁止条款"成为强制性工伤保险的核心要素之一，对于保护雇主和劳动者的利益至关重要，这也是实行工伤社会保险国家的通例。我国工伤保险体系中的"诉讼禁止条款"有着重大缺陷，消解了工伤保险体系的"强制性"，极大地损害了劳动者的利益。应当从根源上反思我国工伤保险体系的"强制性"特征，并相应地对"诉讼禁止条款"进行重新构建，以此来完善我国的工伤保险体系。
关键词：诉讼禁止条款 工伤保险 强制性
李满奎，西南政法大学经济法学院教师。
［Abstract］The "bar on action" clause is closely related to the compulsory nature of occupational injury insurance system. Being one of the core elements of the compulsory occupational injury insurance system, the "bar on action" clause is vital to the protection of interests of both employees and employers and becomes a rule for a country practicing occupational injury insurance. Current version of "bar on action" clause in occupational injury insurance system in China has very serious defects which adversely affect the compulsory nature of occupational injury insurance system and jeopardize the interests of injured workers. This article calls for reflecting upon the compulsory nature of occupational injury insurance system, and reshaping correspondingly the "bar on action" clause so as to improve the occupational injury insurance system in China.
（责任编辑：佩佳）
论新闻侵权的归责原则
论新闻侵权的归责原则本文为王四新教授主持的广播电影电视总局社科项目"广播影视传媒法学研究"的阶段性成果。（项目批准文号：GD09065）
刘文杰
内容提要：新闻侵权的严格责任造成名誉保护与传播自由间的失衡，与社会赋予媒体的使命不符，因而不适于当代社会。就具体归责标准而言，对普通人的名誉保护应适用过失责任，对公众人物的名誉保护应适用重大过失责任，后者是及时对公共事件展开充分讨论的前提。
关键词：新闻侵权 过失责任 重大过失责任
刘文杰，中国传媒大学讲师。
［Abstract］Strict liability applied in the field of media infringement leads to the imbalance between the protection of reputation and free flow of information. Being contrary to the mission entrusted by society, strict liability applied in the field of media infringement is, therefore, not benefiting contemporary society. Moreover, with regard to specific criteria of liability fixation, negligence should be applied in protection of reputation of ordinary people, since negligence can establish the liability when plaintiff is a private individual. While in the case involving the protection of reputation of public figures, gross negligence should be applied, as a full and meaningful discussion on public events is predicated on it.
（责任编辑：姚佳）
分工分类与作用分类的同一
--重新划分共犯类型的尝试
杨金彪
内容提要：传统的共犯分类法是建立在把分工分类与作用分类完全对立的理论构想之上的，在解释论上带来诸多问题。因此，迫切需要重新思考共犯的分类问题。德国共犯分类的实质化倾向，以及我国刑法规定的实际情况表明，在立法论上单纯从形式侧面或者实质侧面划分共犯都是不可想象的。所谓分工分类与作用分类只具有理论分类的意义。实际上，我国刑法采纳了形式与实质两个侧面的共犯分类模式，实现了分工分类与作用分类的同一。
关键词：共犯类型 分工分类 作用分类 形式侧面 实质侧面
杨金彪，中国人民公安大学法律系讲师，法学博士。
［Abstract］ The traditional classification method of accomplices is based on the concept that the workdivision classification and function classification are mutually exclusive, which brought about many problems in the interpretation of criminal law. It is, therefore, imperative to reconsider the issue of classification of accomplices. However, both the materialized tendency of the classification of accomplices in Germany and the actual conditions of provisions contained in criminal law in China indicate that it is inconceivable to classify the accomplices simply in accordance with form or in accordance with substance. The socalled workdivision classification and function classification are only of theoretical significance. In fact, a combined mode of accomplices' classification can be found in Chinese criminal law, which includes both the formal and substantive dimensions of a crime, thus realizing the identity of workdivision classification and function classification.
（责任编辑：王雪梅）
公共行政给付中的裁量权治理
公共行政给付中的裁量权治理本文系国家社科基金西部项目"公物利用法律问题研究"（项目号09XFX009）及第46批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目（项目号20090460936）的阶段性成果。
尹建国 余睿
内容提要：公共行政给付是当代行政给付制度的核心，它体现了国家为社会成员所提供的全方位社会保障与人文关怀。由于担负给付职责的行政主体通常掌控着宽泛的行政裁量权，为防止公共行政给付出现目标偏差和行政专横，必要的裁量治理不可或缺。就公共行政给付所蕴涵的服务性行政理念而言，以公法权利为主导的行政程序治理是相对优化的裁量权治理路径。具体而言，可考虑通过构建并完善"一揽子"的公共行政给付请求程序、保护程序及参与程序，实现对公共行政给付裁量权运行全程的规范制约。
关键词：公共行政给付 行政裁量 公法权利 行政程序
尹建国，华中科技大学法学院讲师，新闻传播学博士后流动站研究人员。
余睿，广西大学法学院副教授，法学博士。
［Abstract］As the core of the contemporary administrative benefit system, public administrative benefit reflects a country's comprehensive social security and humane concern for its people. Since administrative subject who undertakes responsibility of granting benefits always has broad administrative discretion, a necessary control of administrative discretion is essential in order to prevent public administrative benefit from deviation of target and administrative autocracy. So far as the administrative notion of "service" implicated in administrative benefit is concerned, the control over administrative procedures characterized by dominance of right in public law is a relatively optimized approach to the control of administrative discretion. Concretely speaking, with the establishment and improvement of a package of methods of procedures of application, protection as well as participation, the regulation and restriction of the whole operational process of administrative discretion in public administrative benefit may be realized.
（责任编辑：支振锋）
韩国公益诉讼述评
徐晨
内容提要：随着韩国社会的民主化发展，公益组织越来越多地通过公益诉讼活动来整合社会资源，以此推动社会进步。同时，律师群体实现了由人权律师到公益律师的角色转型。面对公益诉讼的各种问题，韩国的公益组织、律师及社会各界都做出了积极的回应。
关键词：公益诉讼 公益组织 公益律师
徐晨，武汉大学法学院副教授，法学博士。
［Abstract］With the development of democracy in South Korean society, public interest organizations have increasingly integrated social resources to propel society forward through public interest litigations. At the same time, South Korean lawyers have been transformed from human right lawyers into public interest lawyers. Public interest organizations, lawyers and all circles of society have responded actively to various issues arising from public interest litigations.
（责任编辑：天支）
巴西集合诉讼制度介评
巴西集合诉讼制度介评本文系刘学在主持的2008年度国家社会科学基金项目"公益诉讼制度研究--以团体诉讼制度之构建为中心"（批准号08BFX063）的阶段性成果。
刘学在韩晓琪
内容提要：巴西的集合诉讼制度是在借鉴美国集团诉讼的基础上所进行的一项制度创新，是拉美国家此类制度的立法典范。其主要表现形式有民众诉讼和公共民事诉讼。这两项制度在原告资格、适用的领域、所保护的权益之性质、诉讼费用规则、判决的既判力等方面具有鲜明的特色和优势，对于我国未来相关制度的完善具有重要的借鉴意义。
关键词：巴西集合诉讼 民众诉讼 公共民事诉讼
刘学在,武汉大学法学院教授。
韩晓琪，中南财经政法大学法学院学生。
［Abstract］Brazilian system of collective action is a legal innovation on the basis of American system of class action and serves as a legislative model in respect of such system for other Latin American countries. Brazilian system of collective action mainly includes the following two forms: popular action and public civil action. They carry distinctive characteristics and superiority in aspects such as the standing of the plaintiff, scope of application, nature of rights and interests under the protection, rule of costs of the action and res judicatae, which may be used in future for references to the improvement of relevant system in China.
（责任编辑：姚佳）
法官引领下的印度公益诉讼制度
李傲
内容提要：法官主导是印度公益诉讼的最显著特征。印度法官在建立公益诉讼的过程中，突破了起诉资格的限制，确立了令状申请书、书信管辖权等制度，组织律师、学者、社会团体等各种社会力量加入到维护公众特别是社会贫弱者的运动中来，让司法的独立与公正性触及到处于社会最底层的贫弱者，同时在世界公益诉讼制度发展史上写下了独特的一页。
关键词：起诉资格 令状申请书 书信管辖权 非对抗性调查委员会
李傲，武汉大学法学院教授。
［Abstract］Judgeled litigation is the most remarkable feature of India's public interest litigation. In the process of establishing public interest litigation, Indian judges have broke through the restriction on the standing to sue, established mechanisms of writ application and jurisdiction over correspondence, and organized lawyers, scholars and social organizations to participate in the movement of defending the rights and interests of the public, especially the disadvantaged groups. This very kind of public interest litigation makes the judicial independence and fairness reach the poor and the vulnerable groups who are at the bottom of society. Meanwhile, it also constitutes the most brilliant page in the history of the development of the system of public interest litigation in the world.
（责任编辑：悟奈）
中国《反垄断法》下的知识产权保护
--价格管制和不确定性问题
杰西·马卡姆杰西·马卡姆（Jesse W. Markham）教授现任美国旧金山大学法学院Marshall P. Madison法学教授，是公认的反垄断法专家，同时还是Holme, Roberts & Owen律师事务所律师，并领导该所反垄断业务部门。马卡姆教授曾任加利福尼亚州律师协会反垄断法和反不正当竞争法部门的讲座教授，并在很多媒体上发表过许多关于反垄断问题的文章。马卡姆教授曾作为访问学者任教于加州大学伯克利分校法学院、西班牙毕尔巴鄂德乌斯托大学、布拉格查尔斯大学。马卡姆教授还曾作为一个执业律师被收录进《钱伯斯美国优秀反垄断律师名录》、《美国最佳律师名录》、《马奎斯美国法律名人录》和《北加州优秀律师名录》之中。
编者按：本文是美国一学者对我国反垄断法与知识产权法相互关系的见解。其观点是一家之言。如同所有国内学者的文章一样，只要文章能成一家之言，持之有据，论之有理，我们不论国籍均按WTO原则发表。改革开放初期，本刊应时而为，以译介外国法学文献为己任。今日学者的外文水平与取得外国原文文献的方便程度与当年不可同日而语。故，虽然本刊重比较法、重外国法、重外国学术文献的宗旨不变，但方法全新。现在本刊已由译介外国法学文献改为评介、评价、评论外国法及其法学文献。我们欢迎外国法学家向本刊投稿，即在本刊首次向世界公开发表其学术成果。原文为中文固然很好；如为外文，可自找译者，也可委托本刊译成中文。
日本民事诉讼法上部分请求学说与判例评说
日本民事诉讼法上部分请求学说与判例评说
段文波
内容提要：就原告请求支付金钱债权是否可以分割诉讼请求，日本民事诉讼理论中素有否定观点与肯定主张之对立。日本的法院对此也是各持己见。虽然视角不同，但最终决定是否允许当事人分割诉讼请求并就残额请求另行诉讼的标准取决于诉讼标的和既判力。我国对于能否分割诉讼请求并无太多关注，但对于前诉口头辩论终结后发生的后遗症，民事法将之作为新案处理。对于部分请求所涉问题，应当在一次性解决纠纷的理念之下，否定当事人分割诉讼请求的权利将有助于提高诉讼效率并防止当事人滥用诉权以维持当事人之间的攻防平衡。
关键词：部分请求 残额请求 诉讼标的既判力
段文波，西南政法大学副教授。
［Abstract］There has always been a dichotomy of attitudes under japanese civil procedural law as to if the plaintiff can break up a single pecuniary claim to sue seperately. The courts themselves also vary on this matter. No matter what perspective taken, the decisive criterion lies with the theory of claim and res judicata. The Chinese scholarly circle did't pay much attention to this subject, but concerning the subsequent damages after oral argument during the prior action, the civil law considers it as a new case. As regards issues related to this matter, a onceandforall dispute resolution doctrine should be taken, and disallowing parties to break up a single claim is beneficial to efficiency of litigation, preventing abuse of process so as to achieve the balance between parties.
（责任编辑：佩佳）
"海洋入宪"模式比较研究
吴淞豫 祝捷
内容提要：各国宪法对海洋入宪问题采用了"海域"和"海权"各自分立、结合并存等迥异的立法方式。海域立宪模式又进而分为概括宣告式、地名罗列式、条约依据式等六类，"海权立宪模式"则又分为分层式、授权式、专列海洋资源式三类。海洋入宪时机集中选择在海洋权益纠纷高峰期。中国与邻国海权纠纷凸起，维护海权急需宪法依据，海洋入宪的时机已经成熟。宜采用"海域"与"海权"并存的方式，并以授权式规范为主实现海洋入宪。
关键词：海洋法 宪法 海域 海权
吴淞豫，中国政法大学博士后研究人员、大连海事大学讲师。
祝捷，武汉大学讲师、比较宪法研究中心研究人员、法学博士。
［Abstract］With regard to the issue of "incorporating the sea into constitution", the legislative modes vary greatly among major countries in the world. Some countries have adopted the mode of separation of sea areas and thalassocracy and others, the mode of combination of the two. The legislative mode of sea areas include six categories, such as summarized declaration, enumerated place names, rules based on treaties and so on. The legislative mode of thalassocracy includes classified levels, authorization and specific sea resources. When disputes over rights and interests of the sea arise in great numbers, attempts should be made to incorporate the sea into constitution. In recent years, disputes over thalassocracy between China and its neighboring countries have been filed frequently and accordingly, the time for incorporating the sea into constitution is ripe, so to safeguard China's thalassocracy by constitution. The article suggests that the mode of combination of "sea areas" and "thalassocracy" should be adopted and the authorization norm should be taken as the main approach to materialize the "incorporation of the sea into constitution".
（责任编辑：天支）
从英美看社会保障制度在经济社会发展中的重要作用
刘翠霄
内容提要：社会保障制度是市场经济社会必不可少的一项重要制度。它在促进经济发展、消除贫困、体现社会公平、维护社会稳定中都有其他法律制度不可替代的功能。本文通过对英美两国社会保障制度实施社会效果的比较来阐明以上观点。
关键词：社会保障制度 社会公平 社会稳定
刘翠霄，中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员。
［Abstract］Social security system is an indispensable and important system for marketeconomysociety. It plays an effective role in promoting economic development, eliminating poverty, showing social justice and safeguarding social stability. By comparative studies on social effects produced through the implementation of social security systems in Britain and US, this article elaborates the abovementioned views in a detailed way.
（责任编辑：黄列）
论反补贴调查中实质损害威胁的确定
论反补贴调查中实质损害威胁的确定本文为国家社科基金项目"欧洲联盟反补贴立法与实践研究"（07CFX046)和湖南省社科基金项目"反倾销和反补贴调查中产业损害形态的认定"（09YBA103）的阶段性成果。
欧福永
内容提要：WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》第15.7条和第15.8条为反补贴调查中实质损害威胁的认定规定了较高证据标准、较短时间界限、应予特别考虑的五个因素、应该考虑的其他事实和情形以及合理严格的审查标准等关键要点。中国应重视对相关案例的研究，完善相关立法，并积极利用实质损害威胁这一损害标准。
关键词：反补贴 实质损害威胁 WTO
欧福永，湖南师范大学法学院教授，华东政法大学国际法与比较法研究中心研究人员。
［Abstract］Articles 15.7 and 15.8 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures provide several key points, including a strict standard of evidence in determining threat of material damages in antisubsidy investigation, a relative short time limits, five factors that need special consideration, other facts and circumstances that should be contemplated, reasonable and strict review criteria and special care while making decisions. China should attach importance to the study on relevant cases, improve relevant legislation and actively use the standard of threat of material damages.
（责任编辑：廖凡）
条约与互惠缺失时中国判决的域外执行
--以美国法院执行中国民商事判决第一案为视角
谢新胜
内容提要：在没有条约和互惠关系的情况下，美国联邦地区法院执行了中国湖北省高级人民法院的一起涉外民商事判决，是为美国法院执行中国判决第一案。在该案中，美国法院以不方便法院原则论证了中国法院管辖权的合理性，适用判决做出地国即中国的法律确认了判决的终局效力，并以开放的司法心态否定了互惠原则在执行外国判决中的前提地位。中国法院在面对外国民商事判决时也应秉持积极、灵活的态度，尽快填补外国判决在中国执行的空白。
关键词：外国判决的执行不方便 法院判决终局性 互惠原则
谢新胜，中国社会科学院国际法研究所助理研究员，法学博士。
［Abstract］The United States District Court for the Central District of California rendered a judgment enforcing a foreignrelated civil and commercial judgment made by the Higher People's Court of Hubei Province under the circumstance when there lacks a treaty and reciprocity between the two countries on the issue. This is a unique case in which American court justified the proper jurisdiction of Chinese court with forum non conveniens principle, and confirmed that the PRC court's judgment was final, conclusive, and enforceable under the laws of the PRC. With an open judicial mentality, the US District Court negated the prerequisite of the principle of reciprocity in enforcing foreign judgments. Chinese courts should fill the gaps in enforcing foreign civil and commercial judgments with a positive and flexible attitude as soon as possible.
（责任编辑：廖凡）
主办：中国社会科学院法学研究所、国际法研究所
地址：北京市东城区沙滩北街15号
